The Human Body

This site is all about human body. From basics to higher levels. It is equally useful to children as well as professionals.

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TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER

Posted by Prakash
Saturday, September 17, 2011
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Peptic ulcer is defined as mucosal erosion equal to or greater than 0.5cm. It is the commonest ulcer in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease is not fully understood, three major causative factors are recognized: 1) Infection with gram negative Helicobacter pylori, 2) increased hydrochloric acid secretion and 3) inadequate mucosal defense against gastric acid. Treatment approaches include:
  • Eradicating the H. pylori infection
  • Reducing secretion of gastric acid or neutralizing the acid after it is released, and/or
  • Providing agents that protect the gastric mucosa from damage.

 Above figure summarizes drugs that are effective in treating peptic ulcer disease.

INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION SITES

Posted by Prakash
Saturday, September 10, 2011
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Intramuscular injections are used when rapid absorption is needed, because muscle has a good blood supply. Common sites are the buttock (gluteus medius), the lateral thigh (vastus lateralis), and the shoulder (deltoid).Since these muscles contain major muscles of the body, great care should be taken while giving the injection so that the nerves are not injured. These sites are shown in the given figure.

MUSCLES OF HIP AND LEGS

Posted by Prakash
Tuesday, September 6, 2011
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The hip muscles that move the thigh are anchored to the pelvic bone and cross the hip joint to the femur. Among these are the gluteus maximus (extension), gluteus medius (abduction), and iliopsoas (flexion). The muscles that form the thigh include the quadriceps group anteriorly and the hamstring group posteriorly. For most people, the quadriceps is stronger than the hamstrings, which is why athletes more often have a “pulled hamstring” rather than a “pulled quadriceps.” Movement of the knee joint depends on thigh muscles and lower leg muscles. Movement of the foot depends on lower leg muscles such as the gastrocnemius (dorsiflexion or flexion) and the tibialis anterior (plantar flexion or extension). See table 4 for details.

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